为了深入研究船用柴油机燃油喷雾特性，本文以某船用孔式喷油器为研究对象，运用液滴破碎模型、大涡湍流模型、液滴碰撞聚合模型对燃油喷雾过程进行数值分析，研究喷射压力对喷雾特性的影响规律，并与试验结果对比以验证数值模拟结果的正确性。结果表明：喷雾贯穿距随着喷射压力升高而增大，喷雾初期贯穿距与时间成正比，而喷雾中后期，贯穿距增大的速度逐渐减缓；喷雾锥角随着喷射压力的增大而增大，每提升 10 MPa喷射压力，锥角增大 0.4°；喷雾体积随喷射压力的提高而变大，射流边缘出现的块状结构会回到喷雾主体内，而喷雾头部块状结构无法回到喷雾主体内；索特平均直径随着喷射压力的提高而变小，每提升 10 MPa 喷射压力，索特平均直径减小约 4%。
Breakup model (WAVE), large eddy turbulence model (LES), droplet collision and coalescence model are used to simulate diesel fuel atomization process. Focus on the change laws of pray penetration distance, spray angle, spray spatial form, sauter mean diameter under different injection pressure, and the accuracy of the numerical simulation is verified by the contrast of experiment. The results show that, with the increase of the injection pressure, spray penetration distance increases, but the rate of increase slow down gradually; The spray cone angle increases with the increase of injection pressure, and every extra 10MPa injection pressure increment will increase the cone angle of 0.4°; The volume of spray head becomes large with the increase of injection pressure, and the irregular block structure appears in the spray head; Sauter mean diameter becomes smaller with the increase of injection pressure, and every extra 10MPa injection pressure reduce sauter mean diameter by about 4%.
2016,38(8): 67-71,75 收稿日期：2015-12-4
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7619.2016.08.014
分类号：TK402
作者简介：晏飞(1980-),男,工学博士,讲师,研究方向为船用柴油机燃烧性能分析。
参考文献：
[1] LEE C S, PARK S W. An experimental and numerical study on fuel atomization characteristics of high-pressure diesel injection sprays[J]. Fuel, 2002, 81(18): 2417-2423.
[2] CHEN P C, WANG W C, ROBERTS W L, et al. Spray and atomization of diesel fuel and its alternatives from a single-hole injector using a common rail fuel injection system[J]. Fuel, 2013, 103: 850-861.
[3] MINATO A, TANAKA T, NISHIMURA T. Investigation of premixed lean diesel combustion with ultra high pressure injection[R]. SAE Paper 2005-01-0914, 2005.
[4] 黄豪中, 安彦召, 苏万华, 等. 喷射压力和喷孔直径对柴油机混合燃料喷雾特性的影响[J]. 内燃机学报, 2013, 31(3): 200-207. HUANG Hao-zhong, AN Yan-zhao, SU Wan-hua, et al. Investigation on the influence of injection pressure and nozzle diameter spray of blended fuel in diesel engine[J]. Transactions of CSICE, 2013, 31(3): 200-207.
[5] 文华, 刘永长, 魏明锐, 等. 二甲醚和柴油喷雾特性的数值模拟分析[J]. 内燃机学报, 2003, 21(4): 199-204. WEN Hua, LIU Yong-chang, WEI Ming-rui, et al. Analysis of the spray characteristics of DME and diesel by numerical simulation[J]. Transactions of CSICE, 2003, 21(4): 199-204.
[6] 曹建明, 李雪莉, 刘朋, 等. 喷射压力对喷雾的影响[J]. 长安大学学报(自然科学版), 2009, 29(4): 91-96. CAO Jian-ming, LI Xue-li, LIU Peng, et al. Effects of injecting pressure on a spray[J]. Journal of Chang'an University (natural science edition), 2009, 29(4): 91-96.
[7] 史绍熙, 赵奎翰, 姚春德, 等. 提高喷射压力改善130系列柴油机燃烧过程的研究[J]. 内燃机学报, 1991, 9(4): 299-306. SHI Shao-xi, ZHAO Kui-han, YAO Chun-de, et al. Improving combustion process of 130 series diesel engines by increasing fuel injection pressure[J]. Transactions of CSICE, 1991, 9(4): 299-306.
[8] 宋文鹏, 张光德, 孙敬, 等. 二甲醚燃料喷射压力对喷雾发展过程的影响[J]. 车用发动机, 2015(3): 51-54. SONG Wen-peng, ZHANG Guang-de, SUN Jing, et al. Effect of dimethyl ether injection pressure on fuel spray process[J]. Vehicle Engine, 2015(3): 51-54.
[9] 苏万华. 高密度-低温柴油机燃烧理论与技术的研究与进展[J]. 内燃机学报, 2008, 26(S): 1-8. SU Wan-hua. Advanced high density-low temperature combustion theory and technology[J]. Transactions of CSICE, 2008, 26(S): 1-8.
[10] 周力行, 胡砾元, 王方. 湍流燃烧大涡模拟的最近研究进展[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2006, 27(2): 331-334. ZHOU Li-xing, HU Li-yuan, WANG Fang. Recent advances in les of turbulent combustion[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2006, 27(2): 331-334.
[11] O’ROURKE P J. Collective drop effects on vaporizing liquid sprays[D]. Princeton: Princeton University, 1981.
[12] REITZ R D, BRACCO F V. Mechanism of atomization of a liquid jet[J]. Physics of Fluids, 1982, 25(10): 1730-1742.
[13] WU K J, REITZ R D, BRACCO F V. Measurements of drop size at the spray edge near the nozzle in atomizing liquid jets[J]. Physical of Fluids, 1986, 29(4): 941-951.
[14] REITZ R D. Modeling atomization processes in high-pressure vaporizing sprays[J]. Atomisation and Spray Technology, 1987, 3(4): 309-337.
[15] 孙田, 苏万华, 郭红松. 复合激光诱导荧光定量标定技术及其对喷雾特性研究的应用Ⅰ: 燃油喷雾当量比定量标定方法[J]. 内燃机学报, 2010, 28(1): 1-9. SUN Tian, SU Wan-hua, GUO Hong-song. Development of quantitative calibration method for planar laser induced exciplex fluorescence technique and application on the diesel spray characteristics Ⅰ: Study of quantitative calibration method for fuel spray equivalence ratio[J]. Transactions of CSICE, 2010, 28(1): 1-9.
[16] 宋文鹏, 张光德, 孙敬, 等. 二甲醚燃料喷射压力对喷雾发展过程的影响[J]. 车用发动机, 2015(3): 51-54. SONG Wen-peng, ZHANG Guang-de, SUN Jing, et al. Effect of dimethyl ether injection pressure on fuel spray process[J]. Vehicle Engine, 2015(3): 51-54.
[17] CAVALIERE A, RAGUCCI R, FABIANI F, et al. Analysis of diesel spray characteristics through two-dimensional laser light scattering technique[C]//Proceedings of the XIX International Symposium on Heat and Mass Transfer in Gasoline and Diesel Engines. Dubrovnik, Yugoslavia, 1987.
[18] 邓鹏, 黄荣华, 马寅杰, 等. 强化混合条件下乙醇柴油和柴油的喷雾混合特性[J]. 内燃机学报, 2014, 32(2): 144-151. DENG Peng, HUANG Rong-hua, MA Yin-jie, et al. Atomization and mixture formation characteristics of ethanol-diesel and diesel under intensified mixing conditions[J]. Transactions of CSICE, 2014, 32(2): 144-151.
[19] HIROYASU H, ARAI M. Structures of fuel sprays in diesel engines[R]. SAE 900475, 1990.
[20] 解方喜, 于泽洋, 刘思楠, 等. 喷射压力对燃油喷雾和油气混合特性的影响[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2013, 43(6): 1504-1509. XIE Fang-xi, YU Ze-yang, LIU Si-nan, et al. Effects of injection pressure on fuel spray and air-fuel mixing process of diesel engine[J]. Journal of Jilin University (engineering and technology edition), 2013, 43(6): 1504-1509.
[21] 赵陆明, 何旭, 郑亮, 等. 高喷射压力下生物柴油喷雾特性试验与仿真[J]. 农业机械学报, 2012, 43(9): 6-10. ZHAO Luming, HE Xu, ZHENG Liang, et al. Spray characteristics of biodiesel under high injection pressure[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2012, 43(9): 6-10.
