为改善低频吸声性能，提出一种基于充水金属球壳的吸声覆盖层结构，并利用有限元方法对其吸声特性开展数值仿真分析。结果表明：充水球壳的引入能改善原有橡胶基层的吸声性能；通过多个不同几何参数的球壳组合，吸声覆盖层的低频性能得到显著提升；球壳中的弹性球应采用模量较大的橡胶材料制备，否则在静水压强下，吸声覆盖层无法保持原有性能；吸声覆盖层的吸声机理由低频时弹性球的共振、中高频时组合结构耦合共振引起的基体材料形变、耦合共振对声波散射作用增强3部分构成。
In order to improve the low-frequency sound absorption performance, an anechoic coating containing water-filled metal spherical shells was proposed, and its sound absorption characteristics were analyzed by finite element method. The results show that the introduction of water-filled metal spherical shells can improve the sound adsorption of original rubber layer; the low-frequency performance of the anechoic coating is significantly improved by the combination of spherical shells with different geometric parameters; the elastic balloon in the shell should be made by rubber of large modulus, otherwise the original performance cannot be maintained under hydrostatic pressure; the sound absorption mechanism of the anechoic coating consists of the resonance of the elastic balloon at low frequency, the deformation of the base material caused by the coupling resonance of the combined structure at medium and high frequencies, and the enhancement of the scattering effect of the coupled resonance on the acoustic wave.
2019,41(4): 11-18 收稿日期：2019-01-07
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2019.04.003
分类号：U666.7
基金项目：国家重点研发计划资助项目（2016YFF0202801）
作者简介：江旻(1984-),男,博士,高级工程师,研究方向为水下声隐身材料
参考文献：
[1] 白国峰.水下消声覆盖层吸声机理研究[D]. 哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学, 2003:1-73.
[2] A PROSPERETTI. Thermal effects and damping mechanisms in the forced radial oscillations of gas bubbles in liquids[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1977, 61(1):17-27
[3] PA HUANG, WJ TEAGUE. Low-frequency reasont scattering of bubble clouds[J]. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 2000, 17:847-853
[4] 何祚镛, 王曼. 水下均匀复合结构吸声的理论研究[J]. 应用声学, 1996, 15(5):6-11
[5] 王曼.水声吸声覆盖层理论与实验研究[D]. 哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学, 2004:1-108.
