以往水下爆炸研究主要集中在中远场，国内外专家学者在中远场水下爆炸方面做了大量研究。近年来，随着精确制导武器的快速发展，舰船遭受近场水下爆炸的几率大大提升。然而，近场水下爆炸过程涉及强间断、结构撕裂等强非线性问题，诸多机理尚不明确，如冲击波在多层介质中的传播规律、气泡的非球状脉动以及边界诱导射流等。近场水下爆炸实验具有成本高、可重复性差以及危险性高等缺陷，理论解析局限于简单结构及单一边界条件。随着数值技术的发展，越来越多的学者将数值方法结合实验、理论来研究近场水下爆炸。本文在现有文献的基础上，总结近场水下爆炸在实验、理论及数值模拟方面的典型成果，指出目前仍存在的具体问题，并对未来近场水下爆炸发展方向进行展望。
In the past, underwater explosion research was mainly focused on the mid-field and far-field. Researchers have done a lot of work on these aspects. In recent years, with the rapid development of precision guide weapon, ships are more easily damaged by near-field underwater explosion. This process involves strongly non-linear problems such as strong discontinuities and structural tears. Many mechanisms are still unclear, such as propagation law of shock wave in multilayered medium, non-spherical impulse of bubble and jet induced by the boundary and so on. Near-field underwater explosion experiments have disadvantages of high cost, poor repeatability and high risk. Theoretical analysis is limited to simple structure and single boundary condition. With the development of numerical technologies, numerical methods are gradually combined with experimental and theoretical analysis to study near-field underwater explosion. This paper summarizes the typical results of near-field underwater explosion study using the above three methods and points out the existing specific problems. Finally, the future development of near-field underwater explosion is drawn.
2019,41(6): 1-8 收稿日期：2018-07-21
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2019.06.001
分类号：U661.43
基金项目：爆炸科学与技术国家重点实验室（北京理工大学）自主研究课题探索性项目资助（YBKT17-08）
作者简介：孙远翔(1967-),男,副教授,博士,从事水下爆炸研究
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