瞬时转速作为柴油机缸内燃烧状态的监测参数一直受到重视，但对船舶推进轴系瞬时转速的诊断应用研究目前还不多。为了解船舶推进轴系不同部位瞬时转速的波动特征，分别在自动化机舱实验室和远洋实习船上对柴油主机飞轮端、水力测功器轴段和船舶尾轴段的瞬时转速进行测试与分析，证实了船舶主机飞轮端的瞬时转速受螺旋桨的影响较小，可以反映柴油主机各缸内的燃烧状态，也验证了尾轴段的瞬时转速可以反映螺旋桨的工作状态。可以利用船舶尾轴段瞬时转速的转速波动特性和频率特性判断螺旋桨的工作状态，为利用推进轴系的瞬时转速进行船舶推进装置的状态监测和故障诊断奠定了基础。
To study the behavior of instantaneous rotating speed on different parts of propulsion shaft, experiments were carried out in engine room laboratory and onboard ship respectively for the testing and analysis of instantaneous rotating speeds on main diesel engine flywheel, hydraulic dynamometer shaft and ship propulsion tail shaft. It was proved that propulsor had little influence on the instantaneous rotating speed on main engine flywheel, which could be used to monitor the combustion condition of main diesel engine inside cylinder combustion chambers. It was also discovered that the instantaneous rotating speed on ship propulsion tail shaft could reflect the working condition of propulsor and had little affect from the main engine, especially when ship propulsion shaft is long enough or when some a flexible coupling is installed on the shaft. These conclusions make it possible for the condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of ship propulsion devices with the instantaneous rotating speeds on different parts along the propulsion shaft.
2022,44(7): 122-127 收稿日期：2021-08-06
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2022.07.024
分类号：U664
基金项目：上海市科技计划项目资助（20DZ2252300）
作者简介：胡以怀(1964-),男,教授,主要从事船舶动力装置状态监测与故障诊断
参考文献：
[1] 程利军, 张英堂, 李志宁, 等. 基于瞬时转速的柴油机各缸工作均匀性在线监测方法研究[J]. 噪声与振动控制, 2011, 31(6): 183-187.
CHENG Li-jun, ZHANG Ying-tang, LI Zhi-ning, et al. Online monitoring of cylinder-to-cylinder uniformity in diesel engine based on instantaneous rotational speed [J]. Noise and Vibration Control, 2011, (6): 183-187.
[2] 高志龙, 霍柏琦, 唐松林, 等. 根据瞬时转速与冲击信号诊断柴油机故障的方法[J]. 噪声与振动控制, 2016, 36(4): 156-160+182.
GAO Zhi-long, HUO Bai-qi, TANG Song-lin, et al. Study on fault diagnosis method for diesel engines based on instantaneous speed and impact signal[J]. 2016, 36(4): 156-160+182.
[3] HU Yi, ZHOU Rui-ping, YANG Jian-Guo. Research on the fault diagnosis technology of diesel engine based on the instantaneous-speed[J], Key Engineering Materials, 2009, 413: 547-552.
[4] YANG Jian-Guo, PU Li-Jun, WANG Zhi-Hua. Fault detection in a diesel engine by analysing the instantaneous angular speed[J]. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 2001, 15(3): 549–564
[5] ROGER J. Cylinder pressure reconstruction based on complex radial basis function networks from vibration and speed signals[J]. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 2006, 20(8): 1923–1940
[6] CHARLES P, SINHA K J, GU F, et al. Detecting the crankshaft torsional vibration of diesel engines for combustion related diagnosis[J]. Sound and Vibration, 2009, 321: 1171–1185
[7] 刘世元, 杜润生, 杨叔子. 利用神经网络诊断内燃机失火故障的研究[J]. 内燃机学报, 1999(01): 70-73.
LIU Shi-yuan, DU Run-sheng, YANG Shu-zi, Fault diagnostics for internal combustion engines using flywheel speed fluctuations and neural networks[J], Transactions of CSICE, 1999(01): 70-73.
[8] CHANG Y, HU Y H. Monitoring and fault diagnosis system for the diesel engine based on instantaneous speed[J]. Computer and Automation Engineering, 2010: 780–783
[9] 牛晓晓, 王贺春, 李旭, 等. 基于神经网络的柴油机性能预测模型优化[J]. 内燃机学报, 2018, 36(6): 561-568.
NIU Xiao-xiao, WANG He-chun, LI Xu, et al. Optimization of diesel engine responses prediction model based on neural network[J]. Transactions of CSICE, 2018, 36(6): 561-568.
[10] 胡光忠. 船舶推进轴系瞬时转速的测试及诊断应用 [D]. 上海: 上海海事大学, 2020.
