根据相关海洋法规，当海洋平台到达其废弃年限后，将对其进行报废拆解，本文以此为基础，将研究对象设定为待拆解的深水导管架平台，模拟对导管架平台进行拆解作业，将整个拆解过程分为切割、吊装两部分，分别分析平台上部模块、水下导管架在切割、吊装过程中结构的力学特性。研究发现在不同切割顺序下，结构的稳定程度也不相同，交叉切割相比其他切割方式更有助于维持上部模块的稳定。外部环境载荷会影响拆解结构的稳定性，拆除构件越多，环境载荷对结构的应力和变形影响越明显。当拆解过程中出现了倾覆的可能性，需要及时施加初始吊力，起吊力对腐蚀沉积、损伤杆件反应敏感，在进行实际拆解时，需要对结构进行详细探查评估。本文研究对今后平台拆解方案的规划、拆解作业安全风险预警有一定的参考意义。
According to relevant marine laws and regulations, when the offshore platform reaches its end of life, it will be scrapped and dismantled. Based on this, this article sets the research object as the deep-water jacket platform to be dismantled, and simulates the dismantling of the jacket platform. In the disassembly operation, the entire disassembly process is divided into two parts: cutting and hoisting, and the mechanical characteristics of the upper module of the platform and the underwater jacket structure during the cutting and hoisting process are respectively analyzed. The study found that the degree of stability of the structure is different under different cutting sequences. Compared with other cutting methods, the cross cutting is more helpful to maintain the stability of the upper module. The external environmental load will affect the stability of the dismantled structure. The more components removed, the more obvious the environmental load will have on the stress and deformation of the structure. When the possibility of overturning occurs during the dismantling process, the initial lifting force needs to be applied in time. The lifting force is sensitive to corrosion deposits and damage to the rods. During the actual dismantling, detailed exploration and evaluation of the structure is required. The research of this paper has certain reference significance for the planning of platform dismantling plan and the early warning of dismantling operation safety risk in the future.
2022,44(13): 117-121 收稿日期：2021-03-15
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2022.13.026
分类号：TE95
基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目（51779109）；工信部高技术船舶资助项目（工信部装函〔2017〕614号）
作者简介：谷家扬(1979-),男,博士,教授,研究方向为海洋结构物性能
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