本文基于声学黑洞效应设计了一种内嵌环肋结构声学黑洞消音器，其中内嵌环肋结构尺寸以幂指函数分布。通过在COMSOL中建立该装置的有限元模型，采用控制变量法，探讨了消音器模型的内嵌环肋结构高度分布的幂律指数、消音器截断面厚度、内嵌环肋间距，以及内嵌消音器环形支撑板上穿孔数量和穿孔孔径大小等因素对消声效果的影响，最终提出一种结构优化后的内嵌环肋结构声学黑洞消音器，并对其进行仿真分析。结果表明，消音器工作在低频段（0～400 Hz），环形支撑板上穿孔数量及小孔径对其消声效果较好；在中频段（400～1000 Hz），幂函数指数和截断厚度接近0对其消声效果影响较好；在高频段（1000～1200 Hz），中等肋片间距对其消声效果影响较为显著，且经优化后的消声器模型消声效果明显提升。本文研究成果可对机械设备噪声控制以及新型消音器的设计提供一定的参考。
Based on the acoustic black hole effect, an acoustic black hole muffler with embedded ring ribs is designed in this paper. By establishing finite element model of the device in the COMSOL, using the control variable method, discusses the muffler model embedded ring rib structure height distribution of power-law index, muffler truncation surface thickness, embedded ring rib spacing, and embedded muffler number and ring support plate perforation perforation aperture size, the influence of factors such as the silencing effect, Finally, an optimized structure of embedded ring rib acoustic black hole muffler is proposed, and its simulation analysis is carried out. The results show that in low frequency band (0～400 Hz), the number of perforations on the ring support plate and small aperture have better muffler effect. In the middle frequency band (400～1000 Hz), the power function index and truncation thickness are close to 0. However, in the high frequency band (1000～1200 Hz), the medium fin spacing has a significant impact on its sound attenuation effect, and the optimized muffler model has a significantly improved sound attenuation effect. The research work of this paper can provide some reference for the noise control of mechanical equipment and the design of new muffler.
2023,45(16): 112-119 收稿日期：2022-3-31
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2023.16.023
分类号：TB535+.2
基金项目：江苏省自然科学基金资助项目（BK20200995）
作者简介：陈昌雄(1998-),男,硕士研究生,研究方向为水声工程
参考文献：
[1] MIRONOV M. A. Propagation of a flexural wave in a plate whose thickness decreases smoothly to zero in a finite interval[J]. Soviet Physics: Acoustics, 1988, 34(3): 318–319.
[2] KRYLOV V. Propagation of plate bending waves in the vicinity of one- and two-dimensional acoustic ‘black holes’[C]//Eccomas Thematic Conference on Computatioral Methods in Structural Dynamic & Earthquake Engineering. OAI, 2007.
[3] GUASCH O, ARNELA M, SÁNCHEZ-MARTÍN P. Transfer matrices to characterize linear and quadratic acoustic black holes in duct terminations[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2017, 395: 65–79
[4] AZBAID E O A, KRYLOV V V, O'BOY D J. Quasi-flat acoustic absorber enhanced by metamaterials[C]//Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics 168ASA. ASA, 2014.
[5] SHARMA N, UMNOVA O, MOORHOUSE A. Low frequency sound absorption through a muffler with metamaterial lining[C]//24th International Congress on Sound and Vibration, London, UK. 2017.
[6] SHARMA N, UMNOVA O. Study of sound absorption capability of silencers based on the acoustic black hole effect[C]//ISMA Intemational Conference on Noise and Vibration, 2018.
[7] 季宏丽, 黄薇, 裘进浩, 等. 声学黑洞结构应用中的力学问题[J]. 力学进展, 2017, 47: 333–384
[8] 李治国. 船用发动机排气消声器抗冲击性能优化研究[J]. 舰船科学技术, 2019, 41(24): 88–90
LI Zhiguo. Optimization of impact resistance performance of marine engine exhaust silencer[J]. Ship Science and Technology, 2019, 41(24): 88–90
[9] XIAO Y, LU H, MCFARLAND D M, et al. Inducing a nonreflective airborne discontinuity in a circular duct by using a nonresonant side branch to create mode complexity[J]. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2018, 143(2): 746–755
[10] GUASCH O, SÁNCHEZ-MARTÍN P. Transfer matrices to analyze the acoustic black hole effect in duct terminations[C]//INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings. Institute of Noise Control Engineering, 2016, 253(6): 2590–2598.
[11] KRYLOV V V, AZBAID E O A. Periodicity-enhanced structures for efficient sound absorption[J]. 2016.
[12] DEACONU M, RADULESCU D, VIZITIU G. Acoustic study of different mufflers based on metamaterials using the black hole principle for aircraft industry[J]. 2018.
[13] KRYLOV V, AZBAID E O A, O'BOY DJ. Investigation of the acoustic black hole termination for sound waves propagating in cylindrical waveguides. INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings. International Conference, InterNoise, 2015.
[14] MIRONOV M A, PISLYAKOV V V. One-dimensional acoustic waves in retarding structures with propagation velocity tending to zero[J]. Acoustical Physics, 2002, 48(3): 347–352
[15] ZHAO C, PRASAD M G. Acoustic black holes in structural design for vibration and noise control[C]//Acoustics. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2019, 1(1): 220–251.
