本文以深潜装备材料应用需求为导向，深入研究当前各国主要耐压壳体材料和固体浮力材料的应用现状及发展趋势。通过对材料的机械性能、化学成分等指标进行对比分析，提出了当前深潜材料发展遇到的系列技术瓶颈问题和相应解决方案。通过深入分析各国深潜材料的关键技术和性能指标，发现其总体趋势均向着高强度、低密度方向发展，但在尝试进一步提升材料性能指标时，却导致材料出现韧度降低、焊接性能差、吸水率增高等系列缺陷。因此，尝试研发各项性能优异的空心陶瓷和纳米复合材料等新型材料。陶瓷基复合材料和碳纳米管增强浮力材料以其优异的结构强度和抗压性能，必将大幅提升深潜装备的总体性能指标，成为深潜器的重要选材。
The paper guided by the application requirements of deep diving submersible materials, the application status and development trend of the main pressure-resistant shell materials and solid buoyancy materials in various countries are deeply studied. By comparing and analyzing the mechanical properties, chemical components, and other indicators of materials, a series of technical bottlenecks encountered in the development of current deep submergence materials and corresponding solutions are proposed. Through in-depth analysis of key technologies and performance indicators of deep diving materials in various countries, it is found that their overall trend is towards high strength and low density. However, further improving the performance indicators of materials leads to a series of defects such as lower toughness, poor welding performance, and higher water absorption. Therefore, try to develop new materials such as hollow ceramics and nanocomposites with excellent performance. The ceramic composites and carbon nanotube-reinforced buoyancy materials, with their excellent structural strength and compression resistance, will greatly improve the overall performance index of deep submergence equipment and become important materials for building deep submersibles in the future.
2024,46(3): 1-7 收稿日期：2023-01-30
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2024.03.001
分类号：HT140
基金项目：国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFF0704005）
作者简介：汪文杰(1988-),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事海洋科学、海洋工程装备研发等工作
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