无人艇作为未来海战场的主要作战力量，适宜在恶劣海况下执行长时高风险任务，其自主决策能力是无人艇执行作战任务的核心能力，能够显著提升无人艇的智能程度，是获取作战优势的关键要素。在对无人艇自主决策特点研究的基础上，提出无人艇自主决策架构。通过分析决策框架中认知技术、筹划技术、临机决策技术、数字孪生技术等方面的发展现状，提出海战场抽象建模困难、对抗性强、无人作战规则不完善、人工智能可用度不高等挑战问题，指出高适应性的自主决策技术、基于数字孪生的平行决策技术等研究方向。
As the main combat force in the future sea battlefield, unmanned surface vehicles are suitable for carrying out long-term high-risk tasks in harsh sea conditions. Their autonomous decision-making ability is the core ability of unmanned surface vehicles to carry out combat tasks, which can significantly improve their intelligence and is a key element in obtaining combat advantages. On the basis of studying the characteristics of autonomous decision-making for unmanned surface vehicles, a framework for autonomous decision-making for unmanned surface vehicles is proposed. By analyzing the current development status of cognitive technology, planning technology, ad-hoc decision-making technology, and digital twin technology in decision-making frameworks, challenges such as difficulty in abstract modeling, strong adversarial nature, imperfect unmanned combat rules, and low availability of artificial intelligence in naval battlefields were proposed. Research directions such as highly adaptable autonomous decision-making technology and parallel decision-making technology based on digital twins were pointed out.
2025,47(5): 8-15 收稿日期：2024-3-12
DOI：10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2025.05.002
分类号：U661.43；E919
基金项目：国防预研项目（JCKY2021206B015）
作者简介：蔡庆（1975 – ），男，硕士，研究员，研究方向为水面无人系统
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